• The first description of autophagy as a

  2025-02-24

  

  The first description of autophagy as a tumour suppression process arises from the observation that the initial step regulatory gene, Atg6/BECN1, was monoallelically lost in 40% to 75% of human prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers [31]. However, while BECN1 heterozygous mutant mice develop, with lo

• While the yeasts and see Glossary each contain only

  2025-02-24

  

  While the yeasts and (see Glossary) each contain only one Aurora homolog, Ipl1p (increase in ploidy 1) and Ark1 (Aurora-related kinase 1), respectively 5, 6, , and Xenopus laevis contain two Aurora kinases: Aurora A and Aurora B [4]. Mammals have three Aurora kinases, A, B, and C (Figure 1). In anim

• br Declarations Funding None for

  2025-02-24

  

  Declarations Funding: None for the paper in question. Competing interests: Florent Morio has received speaker's fees from Gilead, Basilea, and MSD and travel grants from Gilead, MSD, Pfizer, Basilea, and Astellas. Ethical approval: Not relevant for the paper in question. Introduction Lactic

• Detailed analysis of the dose

  2025-02-24

  

  Detailed analysis of the dose dependence of Aβ effects revealed that at low amounts, Aβ can also act as a positive regulator of presynaptic activity, enhancing the neurotransmitter release probability and increasing the neuronal excitability [2]. The facilitator effects of low Aβ dose on excitatory

• Although several ARIs have reached various phases of clinica

  2025-02-24

  

  Although several ARIs have reached various phases of clinical experimentation however most of them have been withdrawn either due to an insufficient bioavailability, their poor efficacy or adverse side effects. Currently Epalrestat is in clinical use for the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. The sid

• br Conclusions br Introduction During numerous

  2025-02-24

  

  Conclusions Introduction During numerous physiological processes, aldehydes are generated from a variety of endogenous and exogenous precursors including amino acids, carbohydrates, and lipids [1]. Most aldehydes are highly reactive and cytotoxic due to the strong electrophilic nature of the t

• It was recently shown that AHR

  2025-02-24

  

  It was recently shown that AHR and HIF-1α cooperate to support the metabolism of Tr1 HC-030031 [6]. Interestingly, AHR and HIF-1α act sequentially to orchestrate the metabolic remodeling of lymphocytes. While HIF-1α regulates the early metabolic reprogramming of Tr1 cells, AHR takes over at later t

• br Hypoadiponectinemia in metabolic syndrome APN belongs str

  2025-02-24

  

  Hypoadiponectinemia in metabolic syndrome APN belongs structurally to the complement 1q family and is found at high concentrations (>0.01% of total protein) in the serum of healthy individuals [6]. Given the abundance of APN in plasma, it is assumed that alterations in plasma levels of APN might

• br Methodology In this paper mechanical properties

  2025-02-21

  

  Methodology In this paper, mechanical properties of G-actin are examined. To do so, three different external tensile loads are exerted to the protein. As illustrated in Fig. 1, Arp2/3 complex binds to the one sides of mother Go 6976 and leads to the growth of a new daughter filament at a distinc

• The hypothalamic pituitary adrenal HPA

  2025-02-21

  

  The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is a neuroendocrine system that is central to regulating responses to stress (Palazidou, 2012). In older persons, a high dysfunction of the HPA axis is observed (Otte et al., 2005) which may be enhanced by stimulatory effects of genes involved in the axi

• QX 314 chloride Introduction An association of elevated bran

  2025-02-21

  

  Introduction An association of elevated branched-chain QX 314 chloride (BCAA—Leu, Val, Ile) with obesity and insulin resistance was first reported nearly 50 years ago (Felig et al., 1969). With the advent of metabolomics technologies, it has since become apparent that the association of BCAA and r

• The tumor suppressor function of LOX

  2025-02-21

  

  The tumor-suppressor function of 15-LOX-2 in normal prostate epithelial cells may be explained by the induction of replicative senescence [14,15]. Thus, 15-LOX-2 is overexpressed in age-dependent prostatic hyperplasia, but cell senescence may hinder progression to malignant transformation. Notwithst

• We wanted to investigate the influence of substituents on th

  2025-02-21

  

  We wanted to investigate the influence of substituents on the pyrazole ring on the activity, but only a few substituted pyrazole-3-carboxylic acids/esters were commercially available in useful amounts at a reasonable price, for example, 4- and 5-nitro-pyrazole-3-carboxylic acid. The preparation of 4

• Songbirds are outstanding models in

  2025-02-21

  

  Songbirds are outstanding models in the study of vocal communication (Maney and Pinaud, 2011). Following the pioneering studies of William H. Thorpe and Peter Marler on the development of song in chaffinches (Fringilla coelebs) and white-crowned sparrows (Zonotrichia leucophrys) (Marler, 2004; Thorp

• NOS is classified into three isoforms endothelial eNOS neuro

  2025-02-21

  

  NOS is classified into three isoforms: endothelial (eNOS), neuronal (nNOS), and inducible (iNOS), iNOS is expressed in macrophages (Eisenstein, Huang, Meissler Jr, & al-Ramadi, 1994) and osteoblast-like cells (Riancho et al., 1995) and is involved in the regulation of inflammatory reactions (Eisenst

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