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Notably Cu labeled dimeric exendin subunit which was designa
2022-01-26
Notably, 64Cu-labeled dimeric exendin-4 subunit, which was designated as 64Cu-Mal2Sar-(exendin-4)2, showed higher tumor uptake than that of the monomeric exendin-4 subunit [245]. Besides the most commonly-used GLP-1R agonists exendin-3 and -4 and their derivatives, exendin (9-39) exhibits strong bin
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Our study has some limitations
2022-01-26
Our study has some limitations. While our study provides data from a diverse multi-country setting, we did not have a sufficient sample size to investigate whether the relationship of micronutrients and Sweroside with CD4 recovery differed by country. We relied on measurement of deficiencies based
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Tetrazole is one of the
2022-01-25
1-Tetrazole is one of the most commonly used bioisosteres for carboxylic acids arising from their similarity in pKa (ca. 4.5–4.9 vs 4.2–4.4, respectively)., Metabolically, tetrazoles may exhibit an advantage over carboxylic acids because they form -glucuronides which are not as chemically reactive
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It is important to control hyperglycaemia because it can
2022-01-25
It is important to control hyperglycaemia because it can contribute to serious complications. Hyperglycaemia can be managed by maintaining stable blood glucose levels inside the normal range. This can be achieved by various strategies such as diet, medications and exercise (O’Keefe & Bell, 2007). Se
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Such responses have led to the idea that elasmobranchs may
2022-01-25
Such responses have led to the idea that elasmobranchs may be glucose intolerant. However, certain species, such as the North Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi; note that the species used in this study was previously referred to as Squalus acanthias but a study by Ebert et al. (2010) provided
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br The GLI code The GLI code
2022-01-25
The GLI code The GLI code model [21], [22] considers the total GLI function as a balance of positive activator (GLIA) and negative repressive (GLIR) activities with GLI1 being mostly a positive transcription factor and GLI3 mostly a transcriptional repressor. The GLIA:GLIR ratio is thus critical,
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It is important to underline that although ghrelin increases
2022-01-25
It is important to underline that cyproheptadine hcl although ghrelin increases the motivation to eat even in fed state, its effects on food intake and reward are blunted in obese animal models (Zigman et al., 2016). This emphasizes also the interconnection between homeostatic regulation of food in
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Defining the cooperation between molecular pathways within h
2022-01-25
Defining the cooperation between molecular pathways within highly complex biological systems, such as those between immune cell networks and target tissues is certainly a hard task. Recently, there are many investigations in the pathogenesis of renal graft rejection, one of the most evident investig
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Several observations about structure activity relationships
2022-01-25
Several observations about structure–activity relationships can be made from this series, including that: (1) all lead compounds are NSAIDs of the 2-arylpropionic TNF-alpha, recombinant rat protein australia class, (2) analogues with -oriented aryl substituents showed the best inhibition of FAAH, an
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Recent findings of us suggest that
2022-01-25
Recent findings of us suggest that compounds that inhibit both FAAH and TRPV1 may be more efficacious in pain relief than those targeting only one such protein. As continuation of our efforts to identify new molecules able to target simultaneously both FAAH and TRPV1 receptors, we hypothesized that
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It is apparent from the data in that none
2022-01-25
It is apparent from the data in that none of the ligands exhibits significant toxicity as determined by the viability of human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells at a concentration of 100 μM. It is also apparent from the data in and that a number of the ligands inhibit the HIV-1 IN enzyme. However,
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The other possibility for the lack of effects
2022-01-25
The other possibility for the lack of effects of H1 receptor agonists, e.g. histamine, on the NMDAR-mediated responses is that other neurotransmitters may cause more profound effects than histamine on the gliotransmitter release from astrocytes. For example, recent studies showed that noradrenaline,
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Anhydrotetracycline hydrochloride The first suggestion that
2022-01-25
The first suggestion that histamine may play a role in memory consolidation was from Almeida and Izquierdo (de Almeida & Izquierdo, 1986) who showed that the immediate posttraining intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of 1–10ng of the drug were found to enhance the retention of one-trial
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The primary physiological role of the HO system is
2022-01-25
The primary physiological role of the HO system is the protection of cotransport from oxidative stress. These cytoprotective effects are attributable both to the degradation of the pro-oxidant heme and to the positive contribution of the metabolites produced during this degradation, namely CO, BV,
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Hh signaling pathway plays an essential role in
2022-01-25
Hh signaling pathway plays an essential role in the regulation of invertebrate and vertebrate tissue development and metabolic homeostasis. Components of Hh signaling pathway have been identified in succession, including Hh ligands, membrane protein receptors, cytoplasmic components and transcriptio
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