• Regarding the mechanism of action of

  2021-03-05

  

  Regarding the mechanism of action of CRF, several studies have shown that low doses of CRF may preferentially activate CRF1 receptors in glutamatergic projection neurons, serotoninergic neurons or glutamatergic collaterals in the medial prefrontal cortex (Vertes, 2004). Indeed, prosencephalic inacti

• It was recently reported that a functional

  2021-03-05

  

  It was recently reported that a functional single nucleotide polymorphism (rs75932628) within Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid SB 431542 2 (TREM2) is associated with AD (Guerreiro et al., 2013). Homozygous loss of function mutations in TREM2 are also associated with an autosomal recessive f

• Application of the CPH model relies on

  2021-03-05

  

  Application of the CPH model relies on the assumption that the hazard ratio of two observations is constant over time [2]. This enables us to infer the rate of risk of the treatment. For example, in the study of patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) [5], the hazard ratio of a group of

• It is of interest that an initial maternal experience in

  2021-03-05

  

  It is of interest that an initial maternal experience in virgin mice produces both changes in subsequent maternal behavior as well as possible changes in neural gene expression. Stolzenberg et al. (2012) proposed that experience-based changes in maternal responsiveness may be mediated by chromatin m

• br Conflicts of interest br

  2021-03-05

  

  Conflicts of interest Author contributions Acknowledgements This work was supported by the University of Brescia (ex 60%) and Siderurgica Leonessa research funds to AF. RR was supported by Associazione Italiana per la Ricerca sul Cancro - AIRC (MFAG 18459 grant). We are grateful to Umberto

• Alpha SYN has no direct effect on forskolin induced

  2021-03-05

  

  Alpha-SYN has no direct effect on forskolin-induced CREB phosphorylation, but rather blocks the stimulation of CRE-mediated transcription in the nucleus. Previously we suggested that α-SYN can enter the nucleus and is present in both cytosolic and nuclear fractions without direct interaction between

• The archaea are a group

  2021-03-05

  

  The archaea are a group of microorganisms, and many belong to extremophiles, living in extreme environments, such as those with high temperatures [6], [7]. Methanocaldococcus jannaschii is a methane-producing archaea [8]. It grows at pressures of up to more than 200atm and at an optimum temperature

• 5003 This pathway appears to have importance

  2021-03-05

  

  This pathway appears to have importance in epilepsy. DGKε(−/−) mice had significantly fewer motor seizure and epileptic events compared with DGKε(+/+) mice [18]. This could be explained by the fact that in the knockout mice a greater fraction of the SAG would be converted to 2-AG. 2-AG itself is kno

• Here we examine the associations between

  2021-03-04

  

  Here, we examine the associations between serum pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines and cognitive functioning in early-stage bipolar I disorder (BDI) patients. As per previous studies, ‘early-stage’ was defined as being within three years of the first manic episode (Kauer-Sant'Anna et al., 2009). We

• The HPV E proteins are acidic

  2021-03-04

  

  The HPV E7 proteins are acidic oncoproteins of approximately 98–103 c14ɑ demethylase that contain 3 domains: the conserved region (CR) 1, CR2, and the carboxyl terminal (C-terminal) domain. The CR1 domain is necessary for cellular transformation and RB degradation in mucosal high risk HPVs. The CR2

• Drug resistance to both pathogens and cancer

  2021-03-04

  

  Drug resistance to both pathogens and cancer has been a big hindrance in healthcare. Integrated research undertakings are being pursued to find the exact causes of the lack of response towards drugs. Surprisingly, host pumps are the key factors in failure of most drugs. The pumps either do not allow

• Overall the evidence and the results from in

  2021-03-04

  

  Overall, the evidence and the results from in vivo studies clearly indicate that cyclosporine biotransformation can be induced by dasatinib co-administration through induction of CYP3A expression. However, further studies are needed to explore the role of P-gp modulation in DDIs. Conclusion In v

• We postulate that OT contained

  2021-03-04

  

  We postulate that OT contained in milk during early postnatal development causes a mild enteroprotective preconditioning of the ER (Fig 9). This is perhaps akin to a mechanism shown by others [50], [51], [52], which is characterized by selective activation of the IRE1a/XBP1/eIF2a (via PKR) UPR pathw

• In summary our data show a novel mechanism

  2021-03-04

  

  In summary, our data show a novel mechanism: CPD-mediated autoprocessing of C difficile toxins regulates their proinflammatory activities. Thus, our study provides a new understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of C difficile toxins and insights into designing new therapeutics a

• We further examined our hypothesis that

  2021-03-03

  

  We further examined our hypothesis that the activation of CRF and CCK systems is responsible for the enhanced anxiety-like behavior induced by immobilization stress using two antagonists to block the expression of CRF1 and CCK2 receptors. It was found that CCK2 receptor antagonist CR2945 or CRF1 ant

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