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In fact serotonin is a major
2024-05-09
In fact, serotonin is a major modulator of dopaminergic (DA) neuronal activity through the 5-HT2C receptor. Studies have shown that the selective 5-HT2C receptor agonist Ro60-0175 blocks the burst-firing of mesolimbic DA neurons, which project from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the nucleus acc
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Autophagy is a highly conservative intracellular bulk degrad
2024-05-09
Autophagy is a highly conservative intracellular bulk degradation process including three major forms namely microautophagy, chaperone-mediated autophagy and macroautophagy. A large number of evidence has depicted a pivotal role for autophagy in the maintenance of cardiac geometry and contractile fu
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br Role of autophagy in
2024-05-09
Role of autophagy in alcoholic cardiomyopathy Concluding remarks The genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in alcoholic cardiac injury has been recognized despite the seemingly beneficial effects of low to moderate alcohol consumption [8]. Although oxidative stress is well established in the pa
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Through activation of the CD GOPC pathway
2024-05-09
Through activation of the CD46–GOPC pathway, attenuated/vaccinal MeVs rapidly induce a transient phase of autophagy which then diminishes with no signs of negative regulation and precedes a second autophagy phase related to viral protein synthesis [115]. In sharp contrast, virulent MeVs do not inter
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br Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like for other
2024-05-09
Mechanisms of GPCR internalization Like for other types of receptors, prolonged agonist stimulation often leads to GPCR internalization, which can occur via different pathways ∗[2], [20], [21], [22], [23]. Of these pathways, clathrin-mediated MM-102 (CME) is the best characterized and arguably mo
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ASK belongs to the family
2024-05-09
ASK1 belongs to the family of MAPKKK. ASK1-mediated apoptosis is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases such as I/R injury, infectious diseases and neurodegenerative disorders [33], [34], [35]. ASK1 can be activated through different mechanisms. One mechanism is that oxidative stress direc
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br Funding The present study
2024-05-09
Funding The present study was funded by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) within Research Program 1001, unique project number: 214S349. Introduction The apelin receptor, also called APJ or angiotensin receptor-like 1 was first cloned in 1993 due to its stro
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br Androgen interference with the
2024-05-08
Androgen interference with the action of arachidonic GTP-Binding Protein Fragment, G alpha receptor metabolites’ actions; the other side of the coin Arachidonic acid, being a polyunsaturated fatty acid present in the phospholipids of the membrane of cells, is highly abundant within the organism.
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Some of previous immunohistochemical studies have compared t
2024-05-08
Some of previous immunohistochemical studies have compared the levels of AR expression in low-grade versus high-grade and/or non-muscle-invasive versus muscle-invasive tumors. There was a significant or marginal decrease (Boorjian et al., 2004, Miyamoto et al., 2012b, Rau et al., 2011, Shyr et al.,
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br The lipoxygenase pathway in the pancreatic islet and
2024-05-08
The 12/15-lipoxygenase pathway in the pancreatic islet and in diabetes mellitus Homeostasis of blood glucose is maintained by hormone secretion from the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. More specifically, insulin produced by the β Dynasore of the islet plays a major role in proper maintenance of
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The proposed formulation is however
2024-05-08
The proposed formulation is, however, challenging to solve since the structured sparsity-inducing norms are non-smooth. In order to solve the new objective function, we consider two different approaches: proximal averaging, which takes the average the solutions from the proximal operator for the in
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br Materials and methods br Results and discussion First we
2024-05-08
Materials and methods Results and discussion First, we examined whether hypothalamic Akt-mediated signaling pathways are regulated postprandially in chickens. Refeeding significantly (P plasma CW069 sale concentrations significantly increased in chicks after 1 h of refeeding (958 ± 245% of 24
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To this the evidence of opposite effects of
2024-05-08
To this, the evidence of opposite effects of noradrenaline and adrenaline on the striatal firing initiation (Fig. 6, Fig. 7) should not be ignored, because the striatum is related to controlling action timing by regulating the firing increase rate (Tanaka and Kunimatsu, 2011). Although the ligand su
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Involvement of Adiponectin in the
2024-05-08
Involvement of Adiponectin in the regulation of imatinib resistance in human CML cells has not been hitherto examined. Therefore, in this study, we first established imatinib-resistant K562 CML cells, and then evaluated the effect of Adiponectin in reversing imatinib resistance. The data presented h
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The AR signalling pathways play important roles in several p
2024-05-08
The AR signalling pathways play important roles in several physiopathological processes associated with ischaemia, inflammation, and tumourigenesis [35]. Moreover, A3AR is overexpressed in different tumour Moxidectin and seems implicated in pro- or anti-apoptotic effects [36]. In particular, activa
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