• Data used in preparation of this article were obtained

  2023-09-13

  

  Data used in preparation of this article were obtained from the ADNI database (adni.loni.usc.edu). As such, the investigators within the ADNI contributed to the design and implementation of ADNI and/or provided data but did not participate in analysis or writing of this report. A complete listing o

• ALDHs also act as opposite roles in the initiation and

  2023-09-13

  

  ALDHs also act as opposite roles in the initiation and development of carcinoma. For example, ALDH2, as a key enzyme which oxidises acetaldehyde, participates in alcohol metabolism and is associated with alcohol-mediated carcinogenesis [37]. It has been reported that up to 8% of the world's populati

• br Functions essentially consisting in transport of substrat

  2023-09-13

  

  Functions essentially consisting in transport of substrates across plasma membranes Direct activation of neurotransmitter transporters elicits responses in neurons As previously mentioned (Section 2.1), nerve terminals handling classical transmitters possess transporters able to (re)capture se

• AMPK is an essential player in adiponectin

  2023-09-13

  

  AMPK is an essential player in adiponectin signaling pathway that regulates energy metabolism. The fact that suppression of AMPK activity by compound C largely diminished candesartan-mediated inhibition of NFκB via blocking AT1 also suggests that the AT1-mediated effect is at least partly resulted f

• br Perspectives and challenges Previously

  2023-09-13

  

  Perspectives and challenges Previously, the main focus of development of adenosine targets for pain was on A1Rs, due to prominent antinociception in multiple preclinical models and preliminary observations in human trials. However, delivery of agonists can be limited by other (e.g. cardiovascular

• alk5 AMPK modulates changes in lipid metabolism via the

  2023-09-13

  

  AMPK modulates changes in lipid metabolism via the regulation of fatty alk5 oxidation and cholesterol synthesis in the liver. The key enzymes involved include ACC and HMGCR [27,28]. Both participate in the rate-limiting steps of fatty acids and cholesterol synthesis and are inactivated on phosphoryl

• Concerning asthma in a study evaluating the effect

  2023-09-13

  

  Concerning asthma, in a study evaluating the effect of tiotropium in severe asthma, the sputum eosinophil count and exhaled nitric oxide were also assessed. However, evaluation of the anti-inflammatory effect of tiotropium was difficult because these markers were low at baseline and thereafter. In a

• taurolidine br Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs b

  2023-09-13

  

  Dihydrotestosterone in adult fish and frogs New perspectives and next directions Similar to other androgens, DHT can modulate reproductive endpoints in both fish and amphibians. However, predicting the effects of DHT can be challenging, as reproductive homeostasis is dependent upon the balance

• bungarotoxin Finasteride has been shown to be a

  2023-09-13

  

  Finasteride has been shown to be a mechanism-based inhibitor of 5AR-2 [9]. Finasteride acts as an alternate substrate for 5AR-2 and is initially bound in an extremely stable enzyme-bound NADP-dihydrofinasteride adduct which is ultimately processed to dihydrofinasteride. The NADP-dihydrofinasteride a

• CHK has been reported to be the kinase responsible for

  2023-09-13

  

  CHK1 has been reported to be the kinase responsible for H3.3S31 phosphorylation in human ALT cancer EDTA . However, in our study, knockdown of CHK1 in HEK293F (Figs. S1c and S6) or HeLa S3 (data not shown) cells did not result in a significant decrease in H3.3S31ph, which is in agreement with an ea

• In addition to calpain I activity cathepsin activities

  2023-09-13

  

  In addition to calpain I activity, cathepsin activities have been proven to be linked to apoptotic signaling. Cathepsin B and cathepsin D are two of the most abundant and well-investigated lysosome acid-dependent proteases that are involved in the apoptotic regulation (Ferri & Kroemer, 2001). Cathep

• br Concluding remarks br Definition Prion diseases

  2023-09-13

  

  Concluding remarks Definition Prion diseases are fatal neurodegenerative disorders that are caused by an unconventional agent that is neither bacterial nor viral, but is in essence an infectious misfolded amyloidogenic protein, termed a prion (Prusiner, 1982). Once considered highly controvers

• Regardless of the initial treatment most

  2023-09-13

  

  Regardless of the initial treatment, most patients with advanced NSCLC experience relapse and disease progression [15]. A subpopulation of immediate concern and clinical need is patients who have advanced NSCLC that is especially aggressive, which is usually defined as disease that rapidly progresse

• Long term blood pressure regulation

  2023-09-13

  

  Long term blood pressure regulation is linked to renal function through the mechanisms of pressure natriuresis (Evans et al., 2005), which has been shown to be modulated by the RAS (Hall et al., 1999). Key components of the RAS are expressed throughout the kidney, and are implicated in renal excreto

• Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease CVD is

  2023-09-12

  

  Introduction The burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is undisputed, accounting for approximately a third of global deaths (17.5 million people in 2012) (WHO, 2012). Atherosclerosis leads to the development of coronary heart disease (CHD) which accounts for more than 40% of these deaths (WHO, 201

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